Model Scheme on Village Gasifier Technology
1. Title of the
Project:
Installation of Village Gasifier
2. Introduction:
It
is well recognized that energy demand of the society is increasing and the fossil
fuel availability is decreasing. There is also thrust on increasing the energy
conversion efficiency and search for alternate sources of energy. One such
alternate energy is biomass energy. Biomass has been fuelling the energy needs
of the society for a long time and many developing countries have biomass
energy as a major share in servicing the energy needs. Combustion of biomass is
well known route for energy generation and has been practiced for a variety of
applications right from cooking to power generation. One another route of using
biomass for energy generation is gasification. Gasification is thermo-chemical
conversion of solid biomass to a product gas known as producer gas which could
be used in an internal combustion engine or end use thermal device. More than
two decade of research and development at Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has resulted in a state-of-the-art technology of IISc Biomass Gasification (IBG) system. This technology
qualifies for reduction in Green House Gas (GHG) emission and carbon-trading
through clean development mechanisms. Presently more than 40 gasification
systems of this design are working at various places in the country and
overseas both for power generation as well as thermal use. Some of these
projects have recorded high percentage of utilization with accelerated returns
to the investor.
2.1 Open
top re- burn down draft Gasifiers - The State-of the art
Technology
Biomass is a
natural substance available, which stores solar energy by the process of
photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. It chiefly contains cellulose, hemi
cellulose and lignin, with an average composition of C6H10O5,
with slight variations depending on the nature of the biomass. Theoretically,
the ratio of air-to-fuel required for the complete combustion of the biomass,
defined as stoichiometric combustion is 6:1 to
6.5:1, with the end products being CO2 and H2O. In
gasification the combustion is carried at sub-stoichiometric conditions with
air-to-fuel ratio being 1.5:1 to 1.8:1. The gas so obtained is called producer
gas, which is combustible. This process is made possible in a device called gasifier, in a limited supply of air. Typical
composition of the gas after cooling to ambient temperature is about 18-20% H2,
18-20% CO, 2-3% CH4, 12% CO2, 2.5% H2O and
rest, N2. The lower calorific value of the gas ranges is about 4.7 –
5.0 MJ/Nm3, with a stoichiometry requirement of 1.2 to
1.4 kg of air for every kg of producer gas. One of the pre-requisites for the producer
gas to be suitable for internal combustion application is the cleanliness of
the gas apart from the composition. With the refined gas cleaning system of IISc it has been possible to generate producer gas that is as
clean as natural gas. Producer gas can either be used in mono or dual-fuel mode
in reciprocating engines. In case of mono-fuel mode of operation, the gas is
fuelled to a SI engine, whereas in the dual-fuel mode it is operated along with
small quantity of liquid fuel (high-speed diesel, furnace oil or bio-diesel) in
a compression ignition (CI) engine. The choice of mode of operation is entirely
dictated by the economics of operation. Also, producer gas could be used for a
variety of thermal applications that
require heat up to 1200° C.
2.2
Special features of IISc Technology
· Cost of power generation as low as Rs 2.50/unit electricity generated has been achieved.
· Open top, twin entry
system ensures a better thermal environment compared to the conventional closed
top model- relatively higher through put for the same reactor size and also
better gas quality
· Available in modules
upwards of 5 kg/hr to 1100 kg/hr (5 kWe to 1.2 MWe)
· Multi-fuel capability –
forest and plantation residue, agro residue in briquetted form with a maximum
moisture content of 15%
· High gasification
efficiency > 80%
·
· Low cost of electricity
generation and competitive with the grid tariff
· Environmentally sound –
low NO2 in the engine exhaust
· Value addition products
~ activated carbon, along with energy
3. Objectives of
the Project:
· To improve the quality of life of the village
community by generating electricity using local woody biomass resources in a
sustainable way to meet the energy demands of a village which has no
electrification.
· To reduce the drudgery in the rural areas,
encourage literacy and economic activities by providing supply of electricity
after dark
· To build capacities and provide technical
support to the target communities regarding operation and maintenance aspects
of the technology.
4. Proposed
Activities and Methodology:
· Selection of the suitable village for
establishment of the technology.
· Assessment of electricity demand of the
village.
· Actual installation of the technology.
· Formation of the Village Gasifier Management Committee and training of local
people for day-to-day operation of the gasifier plant
·
· Identifying Technical Institute in and around
the villages for providing technical and hand holding support to the NGO and
Village Gasifier Committee for
installation, maintenance and repair of the gasifier
Methodology
4.i. Selection of the village:
The village will be selected on the following criteria:
(a) The village has to be an un-electrified one
(i.e. the village should not have electricity for more than 4-5 hours/ day)
(b) The fuel requirement for running the gasifier for 1600 hrs per year is approximately 22
metric ton (for 10 kWe capacity plant). For 1 kWH of electricity
generation, 1.5 -1.6 kg of bio mass is required at low capacity in the range upto 20 kW while in higher capacity 50 kW and above it is
about 1.2 kg/kWh. The amount of bio mass required would be 2 quintals for 8
hours/ day operation. 2 quintals of biomass would generate 140 units of
electricity.
(c) The NGO must ensure the availability of
biomass in required quantity for production of electricity.
4.ii. Assessment of Demand:
Before the submission of proposal a baseline survey must be
conducted by the NGO for the assessment of electricity demand which must focus
on electricity requirement for different activities such as, households, flour
mills, pumping of water for irrigation purpose, street lights etc. Aggregating
all these demands the NGO can arrive at a figure of net requirement of
electricity for various purposes in the village. The baseline survey
questionnaire has been annexed.
On the basis of the assessment of the demand the capacity of the gasifier will be determined.
A
sample calculation of electricity demand for a typical village of 100 house
holds is given below for reference.
For a village with 100 households and 2 points per house, a total
of 200 power points would be required. Assuming 14 watt Compact Fluorescent
Lamps (CFL), the total load is about 2.8 kW.
Street light at 40 W and 10 no’s is about 400 W. A drinking water tube
well at 5 kW capacity.
· The above services can be met with a 10 kW
biomass based power station
· With and additional activity of irrigation and
micro enterprise, along with domestic illumination, street lighting and
drinking water, a 20 kW biomass based power station is advised.
4.iii. Actual Installation of the technology:
To install the gasifier a building shed is
required with a approximate built up area of about 350-400 sq. ft for a 10 kWe system and about 500 – 550 sq ft for a 20 kWe system. Order will be placed to IISc for
actual installation of technology, which should take 3-4 months. The RR and MCs
of CAPART of concerned regions must facilitate the NGOs in arranging the land
for installation of gasifiers, if required.
4.iv. Running the Gasifier for generating electricity
For four hours
A.
Quantity of biomass required per hour for electricity
generation
For a 10 kWe unit about 65 – 70 kg of biomass
would be required per day for four hours of electricity generation i.e. about
16 – 18 kg/hr considering the system operates at maximum load. The biomass must
be sun dried or having a maximum moisture content of 12%. As moisture content
in green biomass is higher (30-40%), the requirement of green bio mass would be
about 100 kg per day, i.e. about 25kg/hr. For 20 kWe system the requirement of bio mass
would be double.
B.
Procedure for Start Up of Gasifier
· If electricity is available in the
village, then switch on the Power Supply for starting the gasifier.
· If no electricity is available in
the village, the first step would be to start a small Diesel Generator (DG)
set, provided as a part of the gasifier package for starting the gasifier.
With the available electricity from the generator, the gasifier
will be started and the next step would be to flare the gas in the burner for
combustion to take place. This operation should not take more than 10-15
minutes.
· After this the gas engine is
started using producer gas generated from the gasifier. The internal plant load is
changed over from DG set to gas engine.
· The DG set is then switched off.
· The gasifier and the gas engine continue to operate
and power will be generated which can be distributed in the village.
· The above operation can be handled
by one single person after receiving training. No special skills are required
for day to day operation.
C.Distribution of the power
If there are already existing poles
in the village, the same may be used for the distribution of electricity,
provided permission has been taken from the electricity board and the grids
have been segregated and necessary electrical protection/safety measures are
taken care.
In case there are no existing poles
in the village for distribution of electricity, new poles must be erected with
necessary cabling. The distance between two consecutive poles must be 50m. The
standard size of the wire used for cabling is 16mm2. The requirement
of the cable to cover the entire village will be determined based area and
distance between the houses in the village.
D.Steps for closing the Gasifier
· Reduce the load on the engine and let the engine operate on its
internal load.
· Switch off the suction blower.
· Disconnect the gas supply to the engines by first closing the gas
valve and then opening flare valve. This operation switches off the engine
· Ignite the gas in the flare after ensuring oxygen in the gas is below
2%.
· Close the air nozzles of the reactor by filling water.
· Allow the fumes to come out from the reactor top
· Close the reactor top with water seal cover so that no gas puffs out.
For six/ eight hours
The operation procedure for start
up and closing the gasifier would be the same as explained
above. The quantity of bio mass required for running the gasifier
for electricity generation would differ. Dry biomass of 110 kg/day and 144
kg/day would be required for 6 and 8 hours of electricity generation
respectively. If it is green biomass (30 -40% moisture) this would be 150 and
200 kg/day respectively. All other information holds good for long duration
operation.
N.B: Information regarding
the procedure for operation of the gasifier and gas engine shall be provided
by gasifier supplier (agency identified by IISc) in a form of an operation manual.
This would be a comprehensive manual containing start-up, shut-down, dos and
don’ts about the plant.
4.v.
Formation of Village Gasifier Management Committee:
The scheme envisages
funding for first year only, after the first year of funding by CAPART for the running
of gasifiers, it is expected that
the Village Gasifier Management Committee
will have to maintain and run the gasifier by charging the
running cost from the users.
A village gasifier management committee will be formed
comprising of 15 -20 persons to take decisions on various operation and
maintenance issues from time to time. The committee should focus on continuous
running of the gasifier and ensure timely
collection of revenue from the electricity users in lieu of the amount of
electricity consumed by the user. The Village Gasifier management Committee must ensure that the revenues are
collected from the users from the beginning of the project itself so that the
collected money may be utilized for running the gasifier once the funding is withdrawn after the first year.
The committee may also
employ a successful SHG on payment basis for running of the entire affairs of
the production, distribution of electricity and revenue collection. The SHG may
be given training by the NGO as to how to manage the entire affairs of gasifier.
4.vi.
For continuous running
of the gasifier locally available fast
growing species can be planted to serve as a source of fuel for the gasifier. Some of the recommended species are
Eucalyptus, Casuarina, Populus species, Gmelina arboria, Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia nilotica. Weeds such as Ipomia, Prosopis juliflora, forest residues from
industrial waste such as saw dust, bamboo dust in briquetted /compacted form may
also be used. The fuel requirement for
running the gasifier for 1600 hrs per year is approximately 22 metric ton.
4.vii.
Quantification of Bio Mass:
Five hectare land is
required for plantation of fast growing species in which trees can be planted
with a spacing of 2X2 mts. Every year plantation
in 2.5 hectares of land will be harvested which will meet the demand of 22
tones of bio mass required.
5. Profile of the Project areas
(To be specified by the NGO):
•
State
•
District
•
Block
•
Police
Station
•
Panchayat(s)
•
Village(s)
•
Demographic
details
The duration of the
project will be for a period of 1 year
7. Work Plan:
|
Sl
No |
Activities |
Month |
|||||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
||
|
1 |
Identification of the
Village |
Will be completed
before submission of project proposal |
|||||||||||
|
2 |
Assessment of
electricity demand in the village |
Will be completed
before submission of project proposal |
|||||||||||
|
3 |
|
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
|
4 |
Actual installation of the technology (including
civil works at the site) |
|
# |
# |
# |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
Training to the
village gasifier management
committee, SHGs for running the gasifier and manage all other
affairs dealing with it |
|
|
|
|
# |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
Technical support |
|
|
|
|
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
|
7 |
Reporting and
Documentation |
|
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
# |
8. Budget:
|
Activity |
Cost
(In Rupees) |
|
|
10KW |
20KW |
|
|
Non Recurring Cost |
||
|
Cost of Gasifier* |
10,00,000 |
19,00,000 |
|
Cost of the building for the gasifier which |
2,00,000 Gasifier Room: (4X4X6)m3 Engine Room: (3X4X5)m3 Store Room: (3X3X4)m3 |
5,00,000 Gasifier Room: (5X4X7)m3 Engine Room: (6X4X5)m3 Store Room: (4X3X5)m3 |
|
Cabling for domestic illumination without metering |
1,00,000 |
1,00,000 |
|
Power distribution within the village along with erection of 21
poles per km with cabling (in case
there are no electricity poles in the village, the distance between the two
consecutive poles is 50 m) |
2,00,000 |
2,00,000 |
|
Transportation and Insurance of Gasifier |
1,00,000 |
1,00,000 |
|
Training and |
7,900 |
8,400 |
|
Honorarium for
trainers @ Rs.500/- per day |
1,000 |
1,000 |
|
Travel allowance
for resource person |
500 |
500 |
|
Raw material |
1000 |
1500 |
|
Stationary |
500 |
500 |
|
Food arrangements for
35 people @ Rs.75/- per head per day for 3 days (75X35X2) |
4900 |
4900 |
|
Total |
16,07,900 |
28,08,400 |
|
Recurring Cost |
||
|
Fuel for 1600 hours per year (dry at 10% moisture) |
11,000 |
11,000 |
|
Start up diesel @ 0.5L per start up |
7,000 (200ltrs) |
10,000 (300 ltrs) |
|
Manpower for day to day operation of the gasifier (@ Rs. 1500/- per month for 2 persons) |
36,000 |
36,000 |
|
|
20,000 |
20,000 |
|
Operation and maintenance of the gasifier (@Rs.1000/- per month) |
12,000 |
12,000 |
|
Administrative Expenses (10% of program cost) |
1,69,390 |
2,89,740 |
|
Travel Expenses |
5,000 |
5,000 |
|
Contingency |
12,000 |
12,000 |
|
Total |
2,72,390 |
3,95,740 |
|
Grand Total |
18,80,290 |
32,04,140 |
*Note:
· The above cost includes
Erection and commissioning and one month Operation and Maintenance by the gasifier supplier.
·
The
costing is indicative and will be subject to actuals.
9. List of Biomass Gasifier Licensees of IISc
|
1. |
Mr. Aklavya Sharan Chief Operating
Officer Netpro Renewable Energy ( Rajmahal Vilas Extension, Tel. Fax: |
5. |
Mr. Cecil Antony Managing Director Synergy Renewable
Energy (P) Ltd. “Trishul”, Ground Floor Tel: |
|
2. |
Mr. T.R. Krishnaswamy Energreen Power Ltd Chennai-600035 Tel: Fax: |
6 |
Mr. Navin Raheja Director OVN Bio
Energy Private Ltd. BT 1/90, Mangolpuri Industrial Area,
Phase I Delhi – 110083 Tel: Fax: |
|
3. |
Mr. Amar Kumar Bioresidue Energy Technology
Private Limited S-2, Digvijay Apartment, 1st
Cross Ganesha Block, Sultanpalya, R.T. Nagar P.O. Tel. Fax: |
7. |
Mr. V.S.Prakasam Kumar Managing Partner Arrya Hi-tech Energy Coimbatore 641009 Tel: 0422-2232897, 2236558 Fax: 0422-2233755 |
|
4. |
Mr. S. Adhavan Administrative
Director M/s Aruna Electricals Works Pvt. Ltd., Komgampattu, Rampakkam Post, Villupuram District, Pin –
605105. Tel: 0413-2699485 Fax: 2699547 |
8. |
Mr. Rajesh Bhat Vice President –
Sales and Marketing Sun Technics Energy Systems Pvt.
Ltd. 660/1, 100 ft. Road, Indiranagar Tel: Fax: |
10. Details of the
Organization:
N.B.
1. NGOs must ensure that
the land used for setting up gasifier plant should not be
under any dispute.
2. There should be
availability of shrubs to be used as a source of fuel for the gasifier for an initial period
of one year.
Annexure I
Questionnaire for Baseline survey
|
Name of village,
district and state |
|
|
No. of house holds
and population |
|
|
Is the village
electrified |
Yes/NO |
|
If the village is
electrified, then no. of hours of electricity availability in a day |
|
|
Connected load per
house hold |
|
|
Major occupation of
the villagers |
|
|
Average annual income |
|
|
No. of irrigational
pump sets in village |
|
|
Are there any
local/cottage industries/macro enterprises, if yes then details |
|
|
Biomass type,
availability and cost |
|
|
Is any social
forestry close by, if yes the details |
|
|
Availability and
source of water for the village |
|
|
Is there supply of
drinking water in the village, if yes then is it community/individual |
Yes/No |